اسلامی، ح؛ جمالی، س؛ ایوبی کیا، رضا.، اسلامی،ک (1401). ارزیابی عملکرد مدلهای پیشبینی بارش در برآورد دبی و حجم سیلاب با مدل NAM توسعه یافته (محدوده مطالعات:حوضههای غرب). رویکردهای نوین در مهندسی آب و محیطزیست، 1(1), 101-112. Doi: 10.22034/nawee.2023.346025.1001
بهرامی پیچاقچی، ح.، نوروز ولاشدی، ر؛ رائینی سرجاز، م (۱۴۰۱). تحلیل آماری سری زمانی مساحت پوشیده از برف حاصل از تصاویر ماهوارهای در استان مازندران. پژوهشنامه مدیریت حوزه آبخیز، ۱۳ (۲۵) ،۶۱-۵۰. doi:10.52547/jwmr.13.25.50
تنی، ن؛ امیدوار، ک؛ مظفری، غ؛ مزیدی, ا (1404). اثرگذاری شار تابشی خورشیدی و ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل بر پوشش برف حوزه آبریز رودخانه های کارون و مارون با رویکرد آماری همدیدی. جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی, (انتشار انلاین)،
Doi: 10.22108/gep.2025.142875.1668.
تنی، ن؛ امیدوار، ک؛ مزیدی، ا.، مظفری، غ (1404). آشکار سازی روند تغییرات پوشش برف (NDSI) حوضه آبریز کارون و اثرگذاری الگوهای دور پیوند منطقهای و جهانی بر روی آ. نشریه سنجش از دور و GIS ایران ،doi: 10.48308/gisj.2025.236231.1223
سبزواری، ی؛ دادوند، ف.، نصرالهی، ع (1401). پایش تغییرات زمانی خشکسالی هواشناسی در مناطقی از غرب ایران. رویکردهای نوین در مهندسی آب و محیطزیست, 1(2), 62-79. Doi: 10.22034/nawee.2022.361453.1025
شمس، م؛ مباشری، م .، فاطمی, س (1393). ارزیابی دقت شاخص NDSI استخراجشده از تصاویر MODIS در مناطق دارای شیب متوسط . نشریه سنجش از دور و GIS ایران(1)6 ، https://gisj.sbu.ac.ir/article_95340.html
درگاهیان، ف؛ موسیوند، ی؛ رضوی زاده، س (1403). پایش برف در بالادست حوزه و ارتباط آن با تغییرات مساحت آب هامونها با استفاده از سنجش از دور. مجله علوم ومهندسی آبریزداری ایران. ۱۸ (۶۴) ،۹۰-۱۰۲. http://jwmsei.ir/article-1-1105-fa.html
سیفی، ه .، قربانی، ا (1398). برآورد سطح پوشش برف از طریق تکنیک های شیءگرا با استفاده از تصاویر سنجنده های OLI و TIRS - مطالعه موردی: کوهستان سهند. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر», 28(109), 77-91.
Doi: 10.22131/sepehr.2019.35639
قاسمی، ا (1401). بررسی تغییرات پوشش برف منطقه کوهرنگ استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با استفاده از پردازش تصاویر ماهواره لندست. پژوهش های نوین در مهندسی آب پایدار, 1(2), 13-25. Doi: 10.22103/nrswe.2023.20344.1015
ملکی نژاد،ح؛ سلیمانی مطلق، م؛ جایدری، ا .، شاطرآبشوری، س (1391). تحلیل روند تغییرات بارندگی و خشکسالی با استفاده از آزمونهای من-کندال و سن در استان تهران. نیوار, 37(81-80), 43-54. https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13186.html
میرعباسی نجف آبادی، ر .، دین پژوه، ی (1389). تحلیل روند تغییرات آبدهی رودخانه های شمال غرب ایران در سه دهه اخیر. آب و خاک, 24(4), -. Doi: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.3901
میرموسوی، ح.، حیدری منفرد، ز (1403). تحلیل تغییرات مکانی- زمانی میانگین پوشش برف طی فصول سرد سال در منطقه شمال غرب ایران. نیوار, 48(124-125), 84-104. Doi: 10.30467/nivar.2024.437745.1279
References
Bahrami-Pichaghchi, H., Aghelpour, P., 2023. An estimation and multi-step ahead prediction study of monthly snow cover area, based on efficient atmospheric-oceanic dynamics. Climate Dynamics, 60(3), 743-765. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00382-022-06341-x (In Persian).
Bahrami Pichaghchi H, Norooz Valashedi R, Raeini-sarjaz M., 2022. Statistical Analysis of Time Series of Snow-Covered Area Obtained from Satellite Images in Mazandaran Province. J Watershed Manage Res. 13(25), 50-61. (In Persian). 10.52547/jwmr.13.25.50.
Bales Roger, C., Noah, P., Molotch Thomas, H., Painter Michael, D., Dettinger Robert Rice, Jeff Dozier., 2006. Mountain hydrology of the western United States. Water Resources Research 42, no. 8. https://doi.org/10.6071/M39Q2V.
Bousbaa, M., Boudhar, A., Kinnard, C., Elyoussfi, H., Karaoui, I., Eljabiri, Y., Chehbouni, A., 2024. An accurate snow cover product for the Moroccan Atlas Mountains: Optimization of the MODIS NDSI index threshold and development of snow fraction estimation models. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 129, 103851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.103851.
Eslami, H., Jamali, S., Ayoubi Kia, R., Eslami, K., 2022. Evaluating the performance of rainfall forecasting models in estimating discharge and flood volume using the developed NAM model (Case study: Western basins). New Approaches in Water and Environmental Engineering, 1(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.22034/nawee.2023.346025.1001(In Persian).
Chanda, N., Chintalacheruvu, M. R., Choudhary, A. K., 2024. Exploring climate-change impacts on streamflow and hydropower potential: insights from CMIP6 multi-GCM analysis. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 15(9), 4476-4498. https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2024.150.
Dargahian, F., Mousivand, Y., Razavizadeh, S., 2024. Snow monitoring in the upper reaches of the basin and its relationship with the changes in the water area of Hamoun using remote sensing. Jwmseir; 18 (64), 8. URL: http://jwmsei.ir/article-1-1105-fa.html (In Persian).
Faal, R., Saboori, M., Patro, E. R., Ala-Aho, P., Haghighi, A. T., 2025. A novel spatiotemporal analysis of snow cover pattern over Finland based on ERA5-land reanalysis. Journal of Hydrology, 134264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134264.
Ghasemi, A. R., 2022. Investigation of snow cover changes in the Kouhrang region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province using Landsat satellite image processing, Innovative Research in Sustainable Water Engineering, 1(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.22103/nrswe.2023.20344.1015 (In Persian).
Gao, Z., Liu, Z., Han, P., Zhang, C., 2024. Investigating spatial-temporal trend of snow cover over the three provinces of Northeast China based on a cloud-free MODIS snow cover product. Journal of Hydrology, 645, 132044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132044.
Ghasemi, A. R., 2022. Investigation of snow cover changes in the Kouhrang region of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province using Landsat satellite image processing. New Researches in Sustainable Water Engineering, 1(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.22103/nrswe.2023.20344.1015. (In Persian).
Hall, D. K., Foster, J. L., Verbyla, D. L., Klein, A. G., Benson, C. S., 1998. Assessment of snow-cover mapping accuracy in a variety of vegetation-cover densities in central Alaska. Remote sensing of Environment, 66(2), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257 (98)00051-0.
Hall, D. K., Riggs, G. A., Salomonson, V. V., DiGirolamo, N. E., Bayr, K. J., 2002. MODIS snow-cover products. Remote sensing of Environment, 83(1-2), 181-194. https://modis-snowice .gsfc. nasa.gov /uploads/ pap _ snowcover02.pdf
. Hiyama, T., Park, H., Kobayashi, K., Lebedeva, L., Gustafsson, D., 2023. Contribution of summer net precipitation to winter river discharge in permafrost zone of the Lena River basin. Journal of Hydrology, 616, 128797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128797.
Kendall, M. G., 1975, Rank Correlation Methods. Griffin.
Khan, A. A., Li, X., 2025. Recent global snow cover trends using the MODIS dataset from 2000 to 2021. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 101662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101662.
Li, H., Li, H., Wang, J., Hao, X., 2020, Monitoring high-altitude river ice distribution at the basin scale in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau from a Landsat time-series spanning 1999–2018. Remote Sensing of Environment, 247, 111915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111915.
Maleki-Nejad, H., Soleimani Motlagh, M., Jaedari, A., Shater-Abshouri, S., 2012. Analysis of rainfall and drought trends using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator in Tehran Province. Nivar, 37(80–81), 43–54. https://nivar.irimo.ir/article_13186.html (In Persian).
Mankin, Justin S., Daniel Viviroli, Deepti Singh, Arjen Y., Hoekstra, Noah S. Diffenbaugh., 2015. The potential for snow to supply human water demand in the present and future. Environmental Research Letters 10, no. 11, 114016. https://doi.org/2020031315141105.
Mann, H. B., 1945, Nonparametric tests against trend. Econometrica, 13(3), 245-259.
Mirabbasi Najafabadi, R., Dinpejouh, Y., 2010. Analysis of the trend of changes in the discharge of northwestern Iran Rivers in the last three decades. Water and Soil, 24(4), doi: 10.22067/jsw.v0i0.3901.
Mirmousavi, S. H., Heidari Monfared, Z., 2024. Spatio-temporal analysis of mean snow cover changes during the cold seasons in the northwest region of Iran. Nivar, 48(124–125), 84–104. https://doi.org/10.30467/nivar.2024.437745.1279. (In Persian).
Moazzam, M. F. U., Banerjee, A., Rahman, G., Lee, B. G., 2024. Elevation dependent climate assessment and its influence on snow cover variability in Hindu Kush Himalayan region using Google Earth Engine for the period of 2003–2021. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 35, 101217. 10.1016/j.rsase.2024.101217.
Moradi, Ehsan., Zlatica Muchová, Hamid Darabi., Seyedeh Masoumeh., Hafezi, Zahra Karimidastenaei, Jana., Moravcová, Ali., Torabi, Haghighi., 2025. Assessment of snow cover dynamics and the effects of environmental drivers in High Mountain ecosystems. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 114, 107969. 10.1016/j.eiar.2025.107969.
Motiee, S., Motiee, H., Ahmadi, A., 2024. Analysis of rapid snow and ice cover loss in mountain glaciers of arid and semi-arid regions using remote sensing data. Journal of Arid Environments, 222, 105153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105153.
Naghshine, M. H., Raof, F., Khoshrftar, A., 2013. The study of flood hydraulics before the building of Maroon Dam by HEC-RAS, Maskingam and Muskingum-Cunge method. https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/1217.
Park, H., Kim, Y., Suzuki, K., Hiyama, T., 2024. Influence of snowmelt on increasing Arctic river discharge: numerical evaluation. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 11(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-024-00617-y.
Sabzevari, Y., Dadavand, F., Nasrollahi, A., 2022. Monitoring temporal variations of meteorological drought in parts of western Iran. New Approaches in Water and Environmental Engineering, 1(2), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.22034/nawee.2022.361453.1025 (In Persian).
Serrano, A., Mateos, V.L., Garcia, A.J., 1999. Trend analysis of monthly precipitation over the librian for the period 1921-1995. Physics and chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25(2), 85-90.
Shams, M., Mobasheri, M. R., Fatemi, S. B., 2014. Accuracy assessment of the NDSI index extracted from MODIS images in areas with moderate slope. Iranian Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS, 6(1), [pages not specified]. https://chatgpt.com/c/6936b52b-fa3c-8333-bdcc-bb885ff3b942. (In Persian).
Saifi, H., Ghorbani, E., 2019, Estimation of snow cover area using object-based techniques with OLI and TIRS sensor imagery: A case study of Sahand Mountain. Geographical Information (Sepehr), 28(109), 77–91. 10.22131/sepehr.2019.35639. (In Persian).
Tang, Z., Wang, X., Deng, G., Wang, X., Jiang, Z., Sang, G., 2020. Spatiotemporal variation of snowline altitude at the end of melting season across High Mountain Asia, using MODIS snow cover product. Advances in Space Research, 66(11), 2629-2645. 10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.035.
Tani, N., Omidvar, K., Mozaffari, G., Mazidi, A., 2025, Evaluation of the correlation between Karun River discharge and the snow cover index (NDSI) of the Karun basin using a statistical approach. Journal of Climatology Research, e226322. 10.22108/gep.2025.142875.1668.
Tani, N., Omidvar, K., Mazidi, A., Mozaffari, G., 2025. Detecting trends in snow cover (NDSI) changes in the Karun River Basin and the influence of regional and global teleconnection patterns on it. Iranian Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS. https://doi.org/10.48308/gisj.2025.236231.1223.
Thiel, H., 1950. A Rank-invariant Method ofLinear and Polynomial Regression Analysis, Part 3. Proceedings of Koninalijke NederlandseAcademic van Weinenschatpen A. 53,1397-1412.
Vivekanandan, N., 2007. Analysis of Trend in Rainfall Using Non Parametric Statistical Methods. International Symposium on Rainfall Rate and Radio Wave Propagation, American Institute of Physics, pp. 101-113. 10.1063/1.2767019
Vydra, C., Dietz, A. J., Roessler, S., Conrad, C., 2024. The Influence of Snow Cover Variability on The Runoff in Syr Darya Headwater Catchments between 2000 and 2022 Based on the Analysis of Remote Sensing Time Series. Water, 16(13), 1902. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131902
Zhang, Q., Xiao, M., Singh, V. P., Chen, X., 2013. Copula-based risk evaluation of droughts across the Pearl River basin, China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 111(1), 119–131. DOI: 10.1007/s00704-012-0656-4.