اثر فرسایش هزاردره بر هدررفت مواد آلی و تغییرات برخی خصوصیات خاک مناطق خشک استان خوزستان (حوضه درب خزینه شوشتر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی گروه خاکشناسی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد خاکشناسی، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،اهواز، ایران

چکیده
هدف: هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثر فرسایش هزاردره بر هدررفت عناصر غذایی خاک و خصوصیات خاک در استان خوزستان است. برای این منظور حوضه مورد مطالعه به دو بخش تحت حفاظت و بدون حفاظت تقسیم شد که در بخش تحت حفاظت آن فعالیت‌های آبخیزداری از قبیل ساخت تراس، احیاء و پراکندگی پوشش گیاهی و سدهای چپری احداث شده است و در بخش فرسایشی کارهای حفاظتی انجام نشده است.
 مواد وروش‌ها: در هریک از دو منطقه دو ترانسکت به طول 200 متر در روی هر ترانسکت به فواصل 50 متر نمونه‌برداری از سطح خاک (۰-۱۰ سانتی‌متری) انجام شد. سپس نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه انتقال و پارامترهای مورد نظر و میزان هدررفت خاک مقایسه و محاسبه شد.  
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که حداقل مواد آلی در خاک حفاظت­شده، یک درصد و در منطقه فرسایشی ۳۲/۰ درصد است که نشان‌دهنده فرسایش خاک سطحی و از دست رفتن مواد آلی خاک است. عملیات حفاظت خاک در منطقه مورد مطالعه سبب افزایش مواد آلی، هدایت الکتریکی، رس، سیلت و تخلخل به ترتیب (۵۷/۶۷، ۵۰/۳۷، ۳۹/۱۳، ۸۸/۱۲، ۲۰/۱۰ درصد) نسبت به منطقه فرسایشی شد، درصورتی که واکنش خاک، شن و وزن‌مخصوص ظاهری به ترتیب ۸۲/۲، ۱۰۰ و ۲۱/۱۲ درصد کمتر از منطقه فرسایشی است که از نظر آماری بین دو منطقه تفاوت معنی‌دار وجود دارد.
.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان‌دهند اثر مثبت عملیات‌های آبخیزداری بر بهبود وضعیت خاک در منطقه حفاظتی است. به‌دلیل کاهش پوشش گیاهی، ماده آلی، تخریب ساختمان خاک و کاهش پایداری خاکدانه‌ها، شاخص فرسایش‌پذیری خاک در افزایش داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله English

The effect of Badland erosion on the loss of organic matter and changes in some soil properties in dry areas of Khuzestan province (Shoushtar Darb Khazineh basin)

نویسندگان English

Kamran Mohsenifar 1
Ali Helfi 2
Ebrahim Pnahpour 1
1 Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, Khouzestan Science  and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Badland erosion on the loss of soil nutrients and soil properties in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, the studied basin was divided into two parts under protection and without protection in the protected part, watershed management activities such as terrace construction, the revitalization and distribution of vegetation, and chapari dams were built, and no protection works were performed in the erosion part.
Methods: In each of the two regions, two 200-meter-long transects were used to sample the soil surface (0-10 cm) at 50-meter intervals on each transect. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory and the desired parameters and the amount of soil loss were compared and calculated.
Results: The results showed that the minimum organic matter in the protected soil was 1% while in the erosion zone 0.32%, indicating the erosion of the surface soil and the loss of soil organic matter. Soil protection operations in the studied area caused an increase in organic matter, electrical conductivity, clay, silt, and porosity (67.57, 37.50, 13.39, 12.88, and 10.20 percent) respectively, compared to the erosion area in which the reaction of soil, sand and apparent specific gravity was 2.82%, 100% and 12.12% less than the erosion area, and this statistically meant there was a significant difference between the two areas. The results demonstrated the positive effect of watershed operations on the improvement of the soil condition in the protected area
Conclusions: Due to the reduction of vegetation cover, organic matter, destruction of soil structure, and reduction of stability of soil particles, the soil erodibility index increases.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Electrical conductivity
soil texture
porosity
leaching
Abdalla, K., Van Wyk, A., Benitez-Nelson, C.,  Hill, T. 2024. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen reduction through cattle-path induced erosion in montane grasslands, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. CATENA, 236, 107741. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107741
Adekalu, K. O., Olorunfemi, I. A.,  Osunbitan, J. A. 2007. Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria. Bioresource Technology, 98(4), 912-917. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.02.044
Artiola, J. F., Pepper, I. L.,  Brusseau, M. L. 2004. Environmental Monitoring and Characterization. In (pp. 410). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-064477-3.50024-2
Chen, S.K., Chen, Y.R.,  Peng, Y.H. 2013. Experimental study on soil erosion characteristics in flooded terraced paddy fields. Paddy and Water Environment, 11(1), 433-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0334-2
Das, P., Saha, T. K., Mandal, I., Debanshi, S.,  Pal, S. 2023. Evolution of rills and gullies in lateritic badland region of Indian Rarh tract. Journal of Earth System Science, 132(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-022-02009-6
Devol, A. H.,  Hedges, J. I. 2001. Organic Matter and Nutrients in the Mainstem Amazon River. In M. E. McClain, R. Victoria, & J. E. Richey (Eds.), The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin (pp. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114317.003.0018
Du, X., Jian, J., Du, C.,  Stewart, R. D. 2022. Conservation management decreases surface runoff and soil erosion. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 10(2), 188-196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.08.001
Gee, G. W.,  Bauder, J. W. 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1—Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.frontmatter
Gee, G. W.,  Or, D. 2002. Particle-size analysis. in Mehtods of Soil Analysis.
Knudsen, D., Peterson, G. A.,  Pratt, P. F. 1983. Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium. In Methods of Soil Analysis (pp. 225-246). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.2ed.c13
Lal, R. 2018. Soil Quality and Food Security: The Global Perspective. In (pp. 3-16). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203739266-1
Legout, C., Leguedois, S.,  Le Bissonnais, Y. 2005. Aggregate Breakdown Dynamics under Rainfall Compared with Aggregate Stability Measurements. European Journal of Soil Science - EUR J SOIL SCI, 56, 225-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00663.x
Manninen, N., Kanerva, S., Lemola, R., Turtola, E.,  Soinne, H. 2023. Contribution of water erosion to organic carbon and total nitrogen loads in agricultural discharge from boreal mineral soils. Science of The Total Environment, 905, 167300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167300
Misdaq, M. A., Berrazzouk, S., Benkirane, F.,  Elhebil, A. 2002. The influence of the lithology and depth on water recharge of wells in two Moroccan Atlantic coastal regions by using solid state nuclear track detectors and radon as a natural tracer. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - J RADIOANAL NUCL CHEM, 252, 139-143. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015208425681
Mohr, H., Draper, S., White, D. J.,  Cheng, L. 2018. The influence of permeability on the erosion rate of fine-grained marine sediments. Coastal Engineering, 140, 124-135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2018.04.013
Mulumba, L. N.,  Lal, R. 2008. Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 98(1), 106-111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.10.011
Pimentel, D., Harvey, C., Resosudarmo, P., Sinclair, K., Kurz, D., McNair, M., Crist, S., Shpritz, L., Fitton, L., Saffouri, R.,  Blair, R. 1995. Environmental and Economic Costs of Soil Erosion and Conservation Benefits. Science, 267(5201), 1117-1123. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2886079
Regional Salinity, L. 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Seitz, S., Goebes, P., Puerta, V. L., Pereira, E. I. P., Wittwer, R., Six, J., van der Heijden, M. G. A.,  Scholten, T. 2018. Conservation tillage and organic farming reduce soil erosion. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39. 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0545-z
Tang, X., Qiu, J., Xu, Y., Li, J., Chen, J., Li, B.,  Lu, Y. 2022. Responses of soil aggregate stability to organic C and total N as controlled by land-use type in a region of south China affected by sheet erosion. CATENA, 218, 106543. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106543
Tejada, M.,  Gonzalez, J. L. 2008. Influence of two organic amendments on the soil physical properties, soil losses, sediments and runoff water quality. Geoderma, 14. 325-334, 5(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.03.020.
Tu, T., Mitani, Y., Ikemi, H.,  Matsuki, H. 2011. Human Impacts on Erosion and Deposition in Onga River Basin, Kyushu, Japan. Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 71, 47-65.
Udeigwe, T. K., Wang, J. J.,  Zhang, H. 2007. Predicting Runoff of Suspended Solids and Particulate Phosphorus for Selected Louisiana Soils Using Simple Soil Tests. Journal of Environmental Quality, 36(5), 1310-1317. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0314.
Wakindiki, I. I. C.,  Ben-Hur, M. 2002. Soil Mineralogy and Texture Effects on Crust Micromorphology, Infiltration, and Erosion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66(3), 897-905. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/12136/sssaj2002.8970
Walkley, A.,  Black, I. A. 1934. An Examination of the Degtjareff Method for Determining Soil Organic Matter, and a Proposed Modification of the Chromic Acid Titration Method. Soil Science, 37, 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1097/0001069.
Wang, B., Zheng, F., Römkens, M. J. M.,  Darboux, F. 2013. Soil erodibility for water erosion: A perspective and Chinese experiences. Geomorphology, 187, 1-10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.01.018
Xiong, J., Wu, H., Wang, X., Ma, R.,  Lin, C. 2024. Response of soil fertility to soil erosion on a regional scale: A case study of Northeast China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140360
Yazie, T., Mekonnen, M.,  Derebe, A. 2021. Gully erosion and its impacts on soil loss and crop yield in three decades, northwest Ethiopia. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 7(4), 2491-2500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01018-y
Yu, D.,  Shi, X. 2006. Relationships Between Permeability and Erodibility of Cultivated Acrisols and Cambisols in Subtropical China1. Pedosphere, 16, 304-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(06)60056-8
Zhou, S., Li, P.,  Zhang, Y. 2024. Factors influencing and changes in the organic carbon pattern on slope surfaces induced by soil erosion. Soil and Tillage Research, 238, 106001. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106001