Journal of New Approaches in Water Engineering and Environment

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Badland erosion on the loss of soil nutrients and soil properties in Khuzestan province. For this purpose, the studied basin was divided into two parts under protection and without protection in the protected part, watershed management activities such as terrace construction, the revitalization and distribution of vegetation, and chapari dams were built, and no protection works were performed in the erosion part.
Methods: In each of the two regions, two 200-meter-long transects were used to sample the soil surface (0-10 cm) at 50-meter intervals on each transect. Then the samples were transferred to the laboratory and the desired parameters and the amount of soil loss were compared and calculated.
Results: The results showed that the minimum organic matter in the protected soil was 1% while in the erosion zone 0.32%, indicating the erosion of the surface soil and the loss of soil organic matter. Soil protection operations in the studied area caused an increase in organic matter, electrical conductivity, clay, silt, and porosity (67.57, 37.50, 13.39, 12.88, and 10.20 percent) respectively, compared to the erosion area in which the reaction of soil, sand and apparent specific gravity was 2.82%, 100% and 12.12% less than the erosion area, and this statistically meant there was a significant difference between the two areas. The results demonstrated the positive effect of watershed operations on the improvement of the soil condition in the protected area
Conclusions: Due to the reduction of vegetation cover, organic matter, destruction of soil structure, and reduction of stability of soil particles, the soil erodibility index increases.

Abstract In this study, the WEAP model was used to analyze the continuation of the existing situation (reference scenario) and the impact of implementing the defined scenarios s1 (increasing drip irrigation with 85% efficiency and sprinkler irrigation with 65% efficiency), s2 (increasing the cultivated area) , s3 (change in cropping pattern), s4 (water demand management by 20%), s5 (40% reduction of inflow to the reservoir in the planning horizon) and the combined scenarios from these scenarios for the optimal allocation of the Jiroft reservoir water. The results of the different scenarios show that in the reference scenario, the total amount of agricultural demand is 1559.8 million cubic meters, of which 19.7 million cubic meters are not supplied. According to scenario s1, the total amount of agricultural demand is 801.8 million cubic meters, which is fully met, and the amount of dam water storage in this scenario will be 66730 million cubic meters. The results also show that the amount of water demand and unmet water demand does not change in the combined scenario S145 compared to the combined scenario S14. Still, the water storage in the dam reservoir decreases by 66037 million cubic meters. The results of this study have shown that the WEAP model offers the most effective solutions to meet the varying water needs of the Jiroft Plain and reduce the negative effects of drought. Changing the current cropping pattern increases the amount of storage and the unmet water demand also decreases.

Abstract The optimal operation of a multi-purpose reservoir is one of the complex and non-linear problems in multi-objective optimization. The limit of water resources and its non-uniform distribution have made the optimal management and utilization of water resources metaheuristic algorithms are suitable optimization methods, so in this study, water cycle algorithms, The gray wolf algorithms, and a combination of these two algorithms were studied in single-objective and multi-objective and compared to find the optimize operation model of Latian and Dez dams. After examining the effectiveness of the single-objective mode of water cycle algorithms, gray wolf, and combination mode using 8 standard benchmark functions and these algorithms were measured by ZDT functions, they were used to solve the problem of optimal operation in the Latian reservoir system. Also, the performance of the algorithms was evaluated using the performance indicators of the reservoir, and these algorithms were assessed using ZDT functions. The results showed that the hybrid algorithm provides a better answer in almost all functions of both the water cycle algorithm and the gray wolf. According to the results obtained from the operation model of Latian Dam, the hybrid algorithm with the value of the objective function of 0.011, provides 98.57% of the downstream needs, the total amount of deficiencies is 1.43%, and with the stability index of 97% and presents the convergence and release curve. It performed better than the two water cycle algorithms and the gray wolf.

Abstract This test was done in the hydraulic laboratory of Khuzestan Water and Electricity Organization. The flume used had a rectangular cross-section with a length of 7 meters and a width of 0.6 meters. The walls of the flume were 10 mm thick and made of glass. In this experiment, 10 flow rates (from 10 to 50 liters per second) were used in free flow mode in the flume. Three piano keyboard overflows with different baffles were used. Baffles were circular, pentagonal and cubic. The overflows were made of transparent plexiglass with a thickness of 5 mm. The numerical model of Flow3D software was used to check the amount of energy consumption and compare the baffles. The highest energy loss with increasing yc/H occurred in cubic, circular and pentagonal baffles, respectively. The highest energy loss with increasing yc/H is in cubic, circular and pentagonal baffles, respectively. The energy loss in cubic, circular and pentagonal baffles was 0.65, 0.62 and 0.61, respectively. Therefore, the best result happened in the cubic baffle. By changing the height of the baffles, it was observed that the highest energy loss was measured at a height of 2 cm and the lowest value was measured at a height of 1 cm. It is recommended to use cubic baffles for more energy loss in piano key overflows. The best shape and dimensions of the baffle for this work are cubic and 2 * 2 cm.

Abstract Green space is one of the important and influential components of urban life. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of urban green space on the quality of life of citizens in Shushtar city in 1401. In this research, the data collection tool was Salter's 1993 questionnaire on the impact of urban green spaces on quality of life. The statistical sample was based on Cochran's correlation and 384 people were randomized. . As a result, based on the psychological and social impact of urban green spaces, mental fatigue was found after living in urban green spaces (4.3), and for the conditions poor quality of life, poor quality of the city. On motivation to visit, catchment of water and air (4.62), urban green spaces: escape from global problems (3.6), reasons why urban green spaces are better than other areas: what residents assessed was the green space. home access (3.75 points). 76 people judged the benefit of urban green space to the quality of life to be very good, 121 good, 140 average, and 47 bad In addition, the measure of the psychological impact of urban green space was highly influential in estimating the final level of the questionnaire scale (p=0.001). As a result, it was found that the green space of Shushtar city has a positive effect on the quality of life of the citizens, and improving the green space can improve the overall quality of life and good citizenship..

Abstract Experiments were conduccted to study the response of cress (Lepidium sativum) sensitive plant to allelochemical compounds to aqueous extract obtained from the different organs of important weeds such as Silybum marianum and Malva sylvestris. Experiment for each plant was performed as factorial based on the completely randomized design with three replications in 2023. The first factor was the different organs in three levels, namely root, stem, and leaf of weeds, and the different concentrations of the extracts obtained from each of the organs were at 5 levels (0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100%) as the second factor. To extract the samples, after collecting and drying them, first 5 g of the plant powder of each organ (weight) was extracted separately with 100 ml of distilled water as solvent (volume). Then different concentrations were prepared from the extract obtained from the stock (base solution). The results showed that the percentage and rate of germination, length of radicle and, plumule, length of seedling, ratio of radicle to plumule, seed length vigor index, dry weight of radicle and, plumule, seedling dry weight and seed weight vigor index of cress were influenced by aqueous extract of the Silybum marianum organs, different concentrations and interaction effect of them. Among the different organs, the aqoues extracts of leaf had the highest inhibitory effect on germination characteristics of cress. So that the difference in the effect of different concentrations of organs was dependent on their concentration threshold. As the findings showed that the effect of aqueous

Abstract Among the hydrological flood routing methods, due to simplicity and few required data, Muskingum model has always been considered. Until now, the application of this method in multi- branched rivers has been limited due to the lack of flood data. In Muskingum method, two parameters (x and K) are calibrated throughout the river. In this study, the Muskingum method was used to route floods in a multi-branched river. For this purpose, the multi-branched river system including the main waterway, tributary and the end of the river after the confluence is divided into several intervals and for each interval, the calculation procedure of the Muskingum model are performed separately. In this case, the multiple-reach Muskingum parameters will be obtained. The implementation of the multiple-reach Muskingum model in the branched system of Tajen River located in Mazandaran province showed that the triple reach model has the best accuracy. The sum of squared the errors for the single, double and triple Muskingum models were approximately 422, 262, and 222 (m3/s)2, respectively, indicating an acceptable accuracy of the flood routing results in the multiple-reach Muskingum model. The observed peak flow discharge of the outflow hydrograph from the Tajen river is about 61.7 m3/s and in single, double and triple Muskingum models are about 55.7, 58.3 and 58.9 m3/s, respectively. Also, the actual flood volume of outflow hydrograph was about 2.53 mcm while this volume in single, double and triple Muskingum is obtained as 2.50, 2.55 and 54 mcm, respectively.

Abstract To Estimate Parameters and Evaluation of Cropsyst Model to Predict the Growth and Yield of Two Wheat Cultivars in Northeast Khuzestan, an field experiment was conducted in the form of randomized complete block design in a research farm in Ramhormoz with three replications. Factors were included irrigation regime at two levels (full irrigation and stop irrigation after flowering), cultivation date (six dates including: October 30, November 15, November 30, December 15, December 30, and January 15) and two varieties of wheat. (Chamran 2 and Sirvan). Based on the results, the critical day length, the ceiling day length, the number of basic vernalization days, the minimum growth rate in the absence of vernalization, and the saturation point of vernalization for Chamran 2 variety are equal to 14, 8, zero, and 0.9, respectively. and 24, and for the number of Sirvan, it was 13.8, 7.8, zero, 0.93 and 25, respectively. The results obtained from the simulation of flowering and physiological ripening stages based on RMSE, d, CRM and EF statistics showed that the Cropsyst model simulated the mentioned stages with good accuracy for different figures. The simulation results of dry matter of aerial organs for different figures showed that this model was able to simulate 95 to 98 percent of this parameter in different treatments of planting date and irrigation. The error value of the model based on the RMSE statistic for the dry matter of aerial organs in Chamran 2 and Sirvan cultivars was 627 and 351 kg per hectare, respectively.

Abstract Objective:

Due to the toxicity of metals, their side effects may cause serious damage to soil organisms, plants and living organisms. Many conventional methods for cleaning pollution from soil have problems and limitations. The electro kinetic method is a relatively new method for remediating soils contaminated with heavy metals, which has a high efficiency in removing heavy metals from the soil compared to other existing methods.

Methods:

In this research, the removal of chromium (VI) from nitrate-containing soil has been investigated. At first, the soil was artificially contaminated with potassium dichromate at a concentration of 250 mg/kg, and then in order to investigate the effect of nitrate on the removal of chromium. The soil was also impregnated with calcium nitrate.

Results:

By conducting electrokinetic experiments, it was found that with the increase of the electric current introduced into the soil, the electric gradient passing between the electrodes increased, as a result of which the transfer of ions also increased under the influence of the phenomenon of ion migration and electroosmosis. The percentage gives 98.28%. Also, the use of EDTA complexing agent compared to distilled water increases the efficiency of the method from 95.57% to 97.80%. As a result, the use of EDTA electrolyte and increasing the voltage increases the removal efficiency.

Conclusions:

Results revealed experiments showed that the use of the electrokinetic method has a negligible effect on the removal of chromium (VI) from soil containing nitrate.

Abstract In this research, to facilitate the construction of lines at shallower depths, we examine the solution of reducing the slope of the lines located east of Ahvaz city. Also, we will compare the economy between these situations. . this research explores alternative slopes. The main lines in the east of Ahvaz city were designed with slopes of 1/2d, 1/3d, and less than 1/3d using trial and error with SewerCAD software. . The reduction of operational costs, it leads to a reduction in the cost of pumping station equipment and station operation costs and a reduction in the cost of line repairs and maintenance. With a standard 1/2d slope, the average reduction depth of the lines is 1 meter, 9.7% increase in pipe purchase cost, 10% reduction in implementation cost, 9.5% reduction in Pump stations equipment cost, 9.6% reduction in maintenance; in the 1/3d design, the depths reduction is 1.2 meters, 15% increase in pipe purchase cost, 12% reduction in implementation cost, 12% reduction in station equipment cost, 10.4% reduction in repair and maintenance cost; in the trial and error design, the working depth is reduced to 1.35 meters 18.9% An increase in the cost of buying pipes leads to a 15% reduction in the cost of implementation, a 12% reduction in the cost of station equipment, and an 11.7% reduction in the cost of repairs and maintenance.. Based on a comprehensive examination of all parameters, a design with a standard slope of 1/(2d) is recommended.

Abstract In order to investigate the effects of drought stress and different LED lights spectra on yield, water productivity and morphologic characteristics of wheat plant, a factorial experiment was performed in the form of completely randomized design in 2022 in the university of Torbat-e Jam, The effects of drought stress include three levels (100, 75 and 50 percent of water requirements) and the effect of different light spectra including six levels (white, 70% red + 30% blue, 100% red, 70% blue + 30% red, 100% blue and 50% red + 50% blue) on wheat plant was investigated. The results showed that by applying drought stress to the amount of 75 and 50% of the water requirement of the plant, fresh weight of aerial parts, dry weight of aerial parts, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration decreased and water productivity increased by 18.52% and 27.94% respectively. Also, the results showed that among the different types of LED light spectra application, the highest amount of fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, fresh and dry weight of roots, plant length and water productivity in 70% red + 30% blue light and the highest amount of photosynthetic pigments parameters were obtained in wheat plant under 50% red + 50% blue light. the results showed that the highest concentration of potassium occurred in 100% red light, phosphorus concentration in white light and magnesium concentration in 50% red + 50% blue light.

Abstract Objective: Water resource tourism is a contemporary global topic aimed at sustainable development. Developing this industry alongside water resources can alleviate severe water extraction pressures, promote cultural exchange and awareness of water history, provide alternative livelihoods for low-income regions, and enhance the attention to and preservation of historical water resources. Qazvin Province holds significant potential in historical water structures, and fostering tourism can be effectively achieved through this avenue. Therefore, this study aims to examine water tourism projects and studies both domestically and internationally through literature reviews and field visits to propose an initial comprehensive plan for developing water tourism in Qazvin Province.
Methods: In this regard, by collecting information on the water resources and structures of Qazvin Province through experiential visits, research, numerous meetings with experts in the field, and consultations with them, the superior potentials of the province were identified. Based on their characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses, the best option was selected.
Results: According to the quantitative analysis conducted, the Ab Anbar (water reservoir), which is essentially a hallmark of Qazvin Province, was identified as the top potential.
Conclusions: Considering the superior potential of the Ab Anbar for water tourism in Qazvin Province, its development and promotion can revive ancient water structures and raise public awareness about the importance and conservation of water resources. Simultaneously, by attracting tourists and creating alternative livelihoods, it is possible to prevent high-water-consuming activities and achieve sustainable development by reducing water consumption.