One of the most important challenges in water engineering is the management and control of free flows and water structures in order to protect natural resources, infrastructures and surrounding ecosystems. Baffle structures, as an effective tool in controlling and managing water flow, play an important role in optimizing hydraulic performance, dissipating flow kinetic energy and improving sediment transport. In this review, several studies on the types of baffles, hydraulic analyses based on the governing equations of fluid flow, and the mechanisms of action of these structures in open channels have been investigated. The main applications of baffles include flow measurement, energy control and flow velocity reduction, flow capacity management, erosion and scour reduction, improving the process of suspended solids removal in sedimentation basins, reducing the effects of sudden flows and floods, and managing debris flows. The findings show that the optimal use of baffles can increase the stability of hydraulic structures and help manage and reduce the negative effects of flow and flood downstream. This technology is widely used, especially in erosion control and flood management. The challenges and limitations in baffle design are also discussed and new trends in the development of these structures are introduced. By focusing on the challenges and limitations, this review emphasizes the need for systematic studies and wider use of baffle structures in water engineering projects and suggests future research directions.