Journal of New Approaches in Water Engineering and Environment
Scientific Journal

Evaluating the accuracy of AquaCrop 7.1 crop model and investigating the effect of changing the planting date on the performance of rainfed wheat in different climates of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Marzieh Bagheri Khaneghahi 1
Aboutaleb Hezarjaribi 1
Mohammad Ismaeil Kamali 2
Fatemeh Zamani 3

1 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Water and Soil, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan

2 Department of Soil and Water Research, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Gorgan

3 Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol

https://doi.org/10.22034/nawee.2025.493925.1122
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research is to achieve the appropriate accuracy of the AquaCrop7 model in predicting the yield of rainfed wheat and also the effect of planting date on crop yield in different climatic regions (Gorgan, Mashhad, Shiraz, Ahvaz, Kermanshah and Urmia).
Methods: First, daily climate information for the statistical period (1991-2020) was obtained from the synoptic stations of the National Meteorological Organization. Crop yield data were also obtained from the Agricultural Jihad Organization and conventional planting dates from regional information. Then the required information was included in the AquaCrop model and after recalibration and evaluation of the accuracy of the model based on the conventional planting date, the yield of the crop under early and late planting date was also obtained and compared with the yield under the conventional planting date.
Results: The results of rainfed wheat yield simulation indicated the acceptable accuracy of the model (with high R2 values and low NRMSE values) in crop yield modeling. Also, the yield of the model crop in the mentioned cities was from 2.52, 1.09, 1.28, 0.83, 1.53 and 1.29 tons per hectare in the date of conventional cultivation to 2.721, 1.349, 1.45, 1.217, 1.742 and 1.683 tons per hectare in the early planting date. Therefore, based on the planting dates, the highest yield was related to the early planting date.
Conclusions: AquaCrop7 model is an effective tool for water management and planning of rainfed wheat planting and determining the optimal planting time in the study areas.

Keywords

Climate
Simulation
Product yield
Rainfall
Calibration
Cultivation date
امداد، م.، تافته، آ.، غالبی، س. 1397. اعتبارسنجی مدل آکواکراپ در شبیه‌سازی عملکرد گندم متأثر از تعداد نوبت‌های آبیاری. نشریه آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی). 32(3): 473-463.
امداد، م.، تافته، آ. 1399. مقایسه کارایی مدل Aquacrop و Saltmed در شبیه‌سازی عملکرد گندم و شوری خاک در حمیدیه خوزستان. مجله پژوهش آب ایران. 14(1): 163-153.
بایگی، ز.، سیف‌زاده، س.، شیرانی‌راد، ا ح.، ولدآبادی، س ع.، جعفرنژاد، ا. 1396. بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت بر شاخص‌های رشد و عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام گندم بهاره در نیشابور. نشریه پژوهش‌های کاربردی زراعی. 30(2): 18-1.
توراج زاده، ا.، پیری، ح.، براتی، م. 1403. تحلیل حساسیت و ارزیابی مدل اکوکراپ در شبیه سازی بهره وری مصرف آب و عملکرد کینوا تحت مدیریتهای مختلف مقدار و شوری آب آبیاری و کاربرد بیوچار و نانوبیوچار. نشریه علمی پژوهش‌های حفاظت آب و خاک. 31(1): 25-1.
جرعه نوش، م. ه.، برومندنسب، س.، ناصری، ع.، پاک پرور، م.، تقواییان، ص. 1398. ارزیابی مدل آکواکراپ در شبیه سازی عملکرد گندم و تعیین تاریخ کشت در استان فارس. مدیریت آب و آبیاری. 9(1): 107-95.
جرعه‌نوش، م.، اگدرنژاد، ا.، شاهرخ‌نیا، م.، ابراهیمی‌پاک، ن. 1403. ارزیابی مدل AquaCrop برای شبیه‌سازی عملکرد گیاه گندم تحت سناریوهای مختلف مدیریت زراعی در قزوین. مدل‌سازی و مدیریت آب و خاک، 4(1): 16-1. DOI: 10.22098/mmws.2023.12533.1248
خسروی، ح.، اکبری، ن.، دانشور، م.، علی‌اکبرپور، ا.، رحیمی‌مقدم، س. 1401. بررسی اثرات تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه گندم آبی (.Triticum aestivum L) در شرایط آب و هوایی خرم‌آباد. مجله فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. 14(55): 56-39.
سلطانی سیستانی، م.، انصاری، ح.، داوری، ک.، ناقدی‌فر، س م. 1403. ارزیابی مناطق مناسب کاشت گیاه گندم، ذرت، چغندرقند و گوجه‌فرنگی در اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران با توجه به اثرات تغییر اقلیم به کمک نرم‌افزار آکوآکراپ، مجله تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران، 55(8): 1450-1433.
 علیزاده دیزج، ا.، ابراهیمیان، ح. 1396. بررسی اثر آبیاری تکمیلی و تاریخ کاشت بر بهره وری فیزیکی و اقتصادی آب مصرفی گیاهان گندم و جو در شرایط دیم ارومیه. نشریه زراعت دیم ایران. 6(2): 268-247.
قمری، ع.، خرمی وفا، م.، نصرتی، ا.، ذوالنوریان، ح. 1400. اثر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد دو رقم سیب‌زمینی در شرایط آب‌وهوایی کرمانشاه. نشریه علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران. 53(4): 164-149.
مجرد، ف؛ فرهادی، ب.، الفتی، ژ. 1397. شبیِه سازی عملکرد و تعیین تاریخ کاشت گندم دیم و آبی بر مبنای عوامل اقلیمی و محیطی در استان کرمانشاه با مدل آکوآکراپ. نشریه علمی و پژوهشی جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی. 22(66): 271-251.
یوسفی‌مقدم، ر.، خرم‌دل، س.، بنایان اول، م.، نصیری محلاتی، م. 1397. مقایسه ارقام قدیم و جدید گندم دیم در واکنش به تغییر تاریخ کاشت. نشریه پژوهش‌های کاربردی زراعی. 31(2): 72-46.
 
Alizadeh Dizaj, A., Ebrahimian, H. 2018. Effect of supplementary irrigation and planting date on the physical and economic water productivity of wheat and barley plants under Urmia dryland conditions. Irrigation Dryland Agronomy Journal. 6(2): 247-262(In Persian).
Andarzian, B., Bannayan, M., Steduto, P., Mazraeh, H., Barati, M. E., Barati, M. A and Rahnama, A. 2011. Validation and testing of the AquaCrop model under full and deficit irrigated wheat production in Iran. Agricultural Water Management. 100 (1): 1-8.
Ahmadi, K., Gholizadeh, H., Ebadzadeh, H., Hosseinpour, R., Abdshah, H., Kazemian, A., & Rafiei, M. 2017. Agricultural statistics (crops). Ministry of Agriculture 1: 5-20(In Persian).
Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., Smith, M. 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration – Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage. Paper No. 56, FAO, Rome.
Allen, R.G., Pruitt, W.O. 1991. FAO-24 Reference evapotranspiration factors. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 117(5): 758-773.
Araya, A., Vara Prasad, P., Ciampitti, IA., Rice, CW., Gowda, PH. 2022. Using crop simulation models as tools to quantify effects of crop management practices and climate change scenarios on wheat yields in northern Ethiopia. Enhancing agricultural research and precision management for subsistence farming by integrating system models with experiments 20(1): 29-47.
Baygi, Z., Saifzade, S., Shirani Rad, A.H., Valadabad, S.A., Jafarinejad, A. 2017. Effects of planting date on growth indices and yield and yield components of spring wheat cultivars in Neyshabur. Applied Field Crops Research. 30(2): 1-18 (In Persian).
Doorenbos, J., Kassam, A.H., Bentvelsen, C.L.M.V., Branscheid, J.M.G.A., Plusje, M., Smith, G.A. Uittenbogard, and Vanderwal, H.K. 1979. Yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage. Paper No. 33. FAO, Rome, Italy, 193 pp.
Emdad, M.R., Tafteh, A., Ghalebi, S. 2018. Validation of Aquacrop model for simulating wheat yield in different irrigation events. Journal of Water and Soil. 32(3): 463-473(In Persian).
Emdad, M.R., Tafteh, A., & Ebrahimipak, N. 2022. Efficiency of Aquacrop Model in Simulating Yield of Quinoa in Different Deficit Irrigation Managements. Journal of Water and Soil. 36 (3): 319-331. [In Persian].
Ghamari, A., Khoramivafa, M., Nosratti, I., Zolnurian, H. 2023. Effects of planting date on two cultivars of potato yield in Kermanshah climatic conditions. Iranian Journal Of Field Crop Science. 53(4): 149-164 (In Persian).
He, B., Li, X., Quan, X., Qiu, S. 2015. Estimating the aboveground dry biomass of grass by assimilation of retrieved LAI into a crop growth model. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 8: 550–561.
Hsiao, T.C., Heng, L.K., Steduto, P., & Raes, D. 2009. AquaCrop—The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: II. Main Algorithms and Software Description. Agronomy Journal, 101(3): 438–447.
Heng, L.K., Hsiao, T.C., Evett, S., Howell, T., & Steduto, P. 2009. Validating the FAO AquaCrop Model for Irrigated and Water Deficient Field Maize. Agronomy Journa. 101(3): 488–498.
Jorenush, M.H., Boroomand Nasab. S., Naseri, A.A., Pakparvar, M., Taghvaeian, S. 2019. AquaCrop evaluation to simulate wheat production and planting date in Fars province. Journal of Water and Irrigation Management. Conservation. 9(1): 95-107(In Persian).
Jorenush, M.H., Egdernezhad, A., Shahrokh Nia, M.A., Ebrahimipak, N.A. 2024. Evaluation of AquaCrop model for simulation of Wheat plant (Triticum) yield under different scenarios of agricultural management in Qazvin. Water and Soil Management and Modeling. 4(2): 1-16.
Jin, X., Li, Z., Feng, H., Ren, Z., & Li, S. 2020. Estimation of maize yield by assimilating biomass and canopy cover derived from hyperspectral data into the AquaCrop model. Agricultural Water Management. 227, 105846.
Khosravi, H., Akbari, N., Daneshvar, M., Akbarpour, O A., Rahimi moghadam, S. 2022. Investigation of the effects of planting date and cultivar on physiological traits and grain yield of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Khorramabad climate. Crop Physiology Journal. 14(55): 39-56 (In Persian).
Legates, D.R., McCabe, G.J. 1999. Evaluating the use of “goodness-of fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation. Water Resources Research. 35: 233–241.
Mojarrad, F., Farhadi, B., Olfati, ZH. 2019. Simulation of Yield and Determination of Planting Date of Rainfed and Irrigated Wheat Based on Climatic and Environmental Factors in Kermanshah Province by AquaCrop Model. Journal of Geography and Planning. 22(66). 251-271(In Persian).
Mustafa, M., Mabhaudhi, T., Avvari, M.V., Massawe, F. 2020. Transition toward sustainable food systems: A holistic pathway toward sustainable development. In Food Security and Nutrition; Galanakis, C., Ed.; Academic Press: London, UK; pp. 44–45.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., & Fereres, E. 2009. AquaCrop—The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: II. Main Algorithms and Software Description. Agron. J., 101: 438-447.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., & Fereres, E. 2012. AquaCrop Version 4.0 – Reference Manual. FAO, Rome.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., & Fereres, E. 2018. , Chapter 1: FAO crop-water productivity model to simulate yield response to water: AquaCrop: Version6.0-6.1: Reference manual (pp. 19). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., & Fereres, E. 2018. Chapter 2: User Guide. In AquaCrop Version 6.0-6.1 (pp. 314). FAO. Reference Manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., & Fereres, E. 2018. Chapter 3: Calculation Procedures. In AquaCrop Version 6.0-6.1 (pp. 141). FAO. Reference Manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Shahin. M.G, Saudy, H.S., El‑Bially, M.E., Abd El‑Momen, W.R., El‑Gabry, Y.A., Abd El‑Samad, G.A., Sayed, A.N. 2023. Physiological and Agronomic Responses and Nutrient Uptake of Soybean Genotypes Cultivated Under Various Sowing Dates. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 23: 5145–5158.
Soltani Sistani, M., Ansari, H., Davari, K., & Naghedifar, S.M.R. 2024. Assessment of suitable areas for cultivation of wheat, corn, sugar beet, and tomato in different climates of Iran considering the climate change effects using AquaCrop model, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research. 55 (8): 1433-1450 (In Persian).
Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., Raes, D., & Fereres, E. 2009. AquaCrop—The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: I. Concepts and Underlying Principles. Agronomy Journal. 101(3): 426–437.
Toorajzadeh, O., Piri, H., Barati, M. 2024. Sensitivity analysis and evaluation of Aquacrop model in simulating water productivity and quinoa yield under different irrigation water amount and salinity management and Biochar and NanoBiochar application. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation. Volume 31, issue 1: 1-25. (In Persian).
Vanuytrecht, E.; Raes, D.; Steduto, P.; Hsiao, T.C.; Fereres, E.; Henge, L.K.; Vila, M.G.; Moreno, P.M. 2014. AquaCrop: FAO’s crop water productivity and yield response model. Environ. Model. Softw. 62: 351–360.
Willmott, CJ. 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. G3: 1309- 1313.
Yousefi, R., Bannayan Aval, M., Khorramdel, S., Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2018. Comparison of old and new dryland wheat cultivars in response to different planting dates. Applied Field Crops Research. 31(2): 46-72(In Persian).
Zhang, C., Xie, Z., Wang, Q., Tang, M., Feng, S., Cai, H. 2022. AquaCrop modeling to explore optimal irrigation of winter wheat for improving grain yield and water productivity. Agricultural Water Management. 266: 107580
Journal of New Approaches in Water Engineering and Environment
Volume 4, Issue 1
March 2025
Pages 129-144

Home

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Reviewers

Contact Us