Comparative investigation of the effluent quality of Bandar Gaz and Bandar Torkaman treatment plants

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan, Iran

2 Professor in Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences. Education, Golestan University, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran

10.22034/nawee.2024.454832.1074
Abstract
Objective: Proper treatment of urban wastewater and monitoring the quality parameters of wastewater treatment plant effluent are essential and play an important role in environmental protection. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effluent quality of two wastewater treatment plants in Bandar Gaz and Bandar Turkmen, located in western Golestan Province.
Methods: In this study, the concentrations of qualitative parameters including temperature, pH, BOD, COD, EC, nitrate, total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), turbidity, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen (DO), fecal coliform, and total coliform, along with discharge as a quantitative parameter, were evaluated in the effluent of the Bandar Gaz and Bandar Turkmen wastewater treatment plants during the 1400–1401 water year. The Catalan Water Agency Water Quality Index (ISQA), BOD/COD ratio, and pollutant removal efficiency were then assessed based on existing standards.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that turbidity, total coliform, and BOD levels in the Bandar Gaz wastewater treatment plant were significantly higher than those in Bandar Turkmen. The BOD/COD ratio in the influent of both treatment plants was approximately 0.6, indicating that the wastewater could be effectively treated using biological methods. However, the BOD/COD ratio in the effluent was less than 0.3. The highest removal efficiencies were observed for TSS and BOD, respectively. In addition, the removal efficiency of most parameters in the Bandar Turkmen treatment plant was higher than that in the Bandar Gaz treatment plant, except for COD. The ISQA results indicated improved effluent quality after treatment, although the final effluent quality of both treatment plants remained in the relatively poor category.
Conclusion: The results showed that microbial contamination in the effluent of the Bandar Gaz treatment plant was higher than that of the Bandar Turkmen treatment plant. The removal efficiency results also indicated that parameter removal rates in the Bandar Turkmen treatment plant (except COD) were higher than those in the Bandar

Keywords


Abedi Koupaee, J., Baniasadi, A., Dorafshan, M.M., 2022. Improvement the quality of urban Wastewater using combination of Bioremediation and porous concrete. Journal of New Approaches in Water Engineering and Environment, 1(1),1-14.
Ahmadloo, A., Temeliyeh, Z.K., 2024. Investigating the optimal amount of chlorine consumption in the disinfection of the effluent of the Arak sewage treatment plant. Journal of New Approaches in Water Engineering and Environment, 2(2),1-22.
Ajza Shokouhi, M., Bouzarjomehry, K., Istgaldi, M., Modudi, M., 2014. Examine the effects of tourism on the host community's quality of life case study: city Bandar Turkmen. Journal of Geographic Space, 4 (47), 101-1. (In Persian)
Al-Jasser, A.O., 2011. Saudi wastewater reuse standards for agricultural irrigation: Riyadh treatment plants effluent compliance. Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences, 23(1), 1-8.
Bader, A.C., Hussein, H.J., Jabar, M.T. 2022. BOD: COD ratio as Indicator for wastewater and industrial water pollution. International Journal of Special Education, 37(3), 2164-2171.
Bafkar, A., Baboli. N., 2018. Investigation of the efficiency of nitrate removal from aqueous solution using oak leaf nanostructure adsorbent. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 25(5), 233-247. (In Persian)
Bahrami, A., Ahadi, F., Bahrami, M., Aghamir, F. 2023. Qualitative assessment of Shiraz wastewater treatment plant effluent for different purposes. Environmental Sciences, 21(2), 29-48. (In Persian) 
Gitau, M.W., Chen, J., Ma, Z. 2016. Water quality indices as tools for decision making and management. Water resources management, 30, 2591-2610.
Haddadi, L., Marandi, R., Sadjadi, N., 2018. Performance evaluation of wastewater treatment plant of Noosh Azar company by online monitoring station. Journal of Research in Environmental Health, 3(4), 257-266. (In Persian)
Hashempour, Y., Mortezazadeh, F., 2020. Changes in Water Quality Parameters in Different Processes of Surface Water Treatment Plant (Case study: Tehranpars Water Treatment Plant). Journal of Mazandaran University Medical Science, 30 (189), 107-116. (In Persian) 
Iloms, E., Ololade, O.O., Ogola, H.J., Selvarajan, R., 2020. Investigating industrial effluent impact on municipal wastewater treatment plant in Vaal, South Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 1096.
Kakavandi, B., Jonidi Jafari, A., Ghasemi, A., Gholizadeh, A., 2012. Studying effluent quality of wastewater treatment plant. Journal of Health System Research, 8(4), 706-7013. (In Persian) 
Lee, A.H., Nikraz, H. 2014. BOD: COD ratio as an indicator for pollutants leaching from landfill. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 2, 263-266.
Mara D.D. 2004. Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries. London: Earthscan-
Tchobanoglous G., Burton F.L., Stensel, H.D., 2004. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mohammadi, A.A., Yousefi, M., Mardani, M., Faraji, H., 2016. Evaluation of physical and chemical quality of groundwater in northern cities of Golestan Province (Bandar Torkaman, Kordkoy, Bandar- e Gaz) in 2005-2010. Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, 4(1), 41-49.
Ocampo Duque, W.A. 2008. On the Development of Decisionmaking Systems based on Fuzzy Models to Assess Water Quality in Rivers. PhD thesis, Rovira i Virgili University, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeria Química, Spain.
Salamati, N. & Moazed, H. 2008. Study of the Effects of Irrigation Water Turbidity on Physical and Hydraulic Properties of Soils, Agriculture Research, 9(2), 113-125.
Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L., Stensel, H.D. 2004. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Xu, X., Jian, Y., Xue, Y., Hou, Q., Wang, L. 2019. Microplastics in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): occurrence and removal. Chemosphere, 235.1089-1096.